Ontology & Standards Catalog

This catalog surveys 147 publicly available ontologies, knowledge graphs, and standards relevant to Samyama Graph’s knowledge graph ecosystem — organized by domain, ranked by relevance tier.

Source of truth: data/ontology_catalog.csv — machine-readable, importable into any tool or pipeline.

Relevance Tiers

Tier	Meaning	Count
1 — Critical	Directly maps to an active Samyama KG, evaluation workflow, or partner need	67
2 — High	Strong alignment; likely needed within 6 months	61
3 — Moderate	Useful reference for broader evaluation scenario generation	20

A. Public Health & Epidemiology (31)

Core ontologies for disease classification, surveillance, epidemiology, and LMIC health systems.

Abbrev	Name	Maintainer	Size	License	Tier
ICD-11	International Classification of Diseases	WHO	55K+ entities	CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO	1
MeSH	Medical Subject Headings	NLM/NIH	29K descriptors	Public domain	1
SNOMED CT	Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine	SNOMED International	350K+ concepts	Affiliate license	1
GHO	Global Health Observatory	WHO	2,300+ indicators	Open access	1
DHS	Demographic and Health Surveys	USAID/ICF	400+ surveys, 90+ countries	Open (registration)	1
GBD	Global Burden of Disease	IHME	369 diseases, 204 countries	IHME free license	1
IDO	Infectious Disease Ontology	OBO Foundry	~3K classes	CC BY 4.0	2
OBI	Ontology for Biomedical Investigations	OBO Foundry	~4.5K classes	CC BY 4.0	2
EPO	Epidemiology Ontology	Community (OBO)	~500 classes	CC BY 4.0	2
HL7 FHIR	Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources	HL7 International	150+ resources	CC0 1.0	2
IHR	International Health Regulations	WHO	196 parties	Open standard	2
GLASS	Global AMR Surveillance System	WHO	127+ countries	Open data	1
WUENIC	National Immunization Coverage Estimates	WHO/UNICEF	196 countries	Open data	1
HPO	Human Phenotype Ontology	Monarch Initiative	18K+ terms	Custom open	2
NCIt	NCI Thesaurus	National Cancer Institute	180K+ concepts	Public domain	1
PopHO	Population Health Ontology	Univ. of Victoria	~1K classes	Open	2
VO	Vaccine Ontology	Univ. of Michigan	~10K classes	CC BY 3.0	2
APOLLO_SV	Apollo Structured Vocabulary	Univ. of Pittsburgh	~700 classes	CC BY 4.0	1
HSO	Health Surveillance Ontology	Data-Driven Surveillance	Emerging	CC BY 4.0	1
TRANS	Pathogen Transmission Ontology	Univ. of Maryland	32 terms	CC0 1.0	1
ARO	Antibiotic Resistance Ontology	McMaster Univ./CARD	5K+ terms	CC BY 4.0	1
SYMP	Symptom Ontology	Univ. of Maryland	~900 terms	CC0 1.0	1
NTDO	Neglected Tropical Disease Ontology	UFPE Brazil	20+ diseases	Open	1
OMOP CDM	OHDSI Common Data Model	OHDSI	10M+ concepts	Apache 2.0	1
DHIS2	District Health Information System 2	Univ. of Oslo	2.4B+ people served	BSD 3-Clause	1
OpenMRS	Open Medical Record System	OpenMRS community	50K+ concepts	MPL 2.0	1
WHO DON eKG	WHO Disease Outbreak News KG	Academic (2025)	Decades of reports	Open	1
ECTO	Environmental Exposures Ontology	OBO Foundry/Monarch	12K+ classes	CC BY 4.0	1
3M	Micro-Meso-Macro SDOH Ontology	Academic (JMIR)	383 classes	Open	1
FHIR SDOH	HL7 FHIR SDOH Profile	HL7 International	Profile/guide	HL7 license	1
MHO	Mental Health Ontology	Academic consortium	In development	Open	2

Ontologies mapping environmental exposures, social factors, and their health impacts.

Abbrev	Name	Maintainer	Size	License	Tier
WDI	World Development Indicators	World Bank	1,600+ indicators	CC BY 4.0	1
HDI	Human Development Index	UNDP	191 countries	Open access	1
ENVO	Environment Ontology	OBO Foundry	~7K classes	CC BY 4.0	1
ExO	Exposure Ontology	OBO Foundry	~1K classes	CC BY 4.0	1
AQD	WHO Air Quality Database	WHO	6,000+ cities	Open access	1
AQUASTAT	FAO Water Resources	FAO	200+ countries	Open access	1
SDoHO	Social Determinants of Health Ontology	Academic	~500 classes	Open	1
ChEBI	Chemical Entities of Biological Interest	EMBL-EBI	60K+ entities	CC BY 4.0	2
TXPO	Toxicology Ontology	OBO Foundry	~2K classes	CC BY 4.0	2
FoodOn	Food Ontology	OBO Foundry	~30K classes	CC BY 3.0	2
SDGIO	SDG Interface Ontology	OBO/UN	~1.5K classes	CC BY 4.0	2
UMEP	Urban Environmental Predictor	Academic	Modular	Open source	3
GEMS/Water	Global Water Quality	UNEP	4M+ entries	Open access	2
CTD	Comparative Toxicogenomics Database	NC State	2.6M interactions	Open	2

C. Biomedical & Clinical (32)

Disease, drug, genomics, clinical, and anatomy ontologies plus major biomedical knowledge graphs.

Abbrev	Name	Maintainer	Size	License	Tier
GO	Gene Ontology	GO Consortium	47K+ terms	CC BY 4.0	1
UMLS	Unified Medical Language System	NLM/NIH	4.5M+ concepts	UMLS license	1
DrugBank	DrugBank	OMx/Univ. Alberta	15K+ drugs	CC BY-NC 4.0	1
RxNorm	RxNorm	NLM/NIH	115K+ concepts	UMLS license	1
MONDO	Mondo Disease Ontology	Monarch Initiative	35K+ classes	CC BY 4.0	2
DOID	Human Disease Ontology	Univ. Maryland	~12K classes	CC0 1.0	2
LOINC	Lab Observation Identifiers	Regenstrief Institute	99K+ terms	Free (registration)	2
ATC	Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical	WHO	6,300+ codes	WHO license	2
Hetionet	Hetionet	Himmelstein/UPenn	47K nodes, 2.25M edges	CC0 1.0	2
PrimeKG	Precision Medicine KG	Harvard/Zitnik Lab	129K nodes, 8M edges	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	1
SPOKE	UCSF Knowledge Engine	UCSF	27M nodes, 53M edges	API access	2
PRO	Protein Ontology	Georgetown Univ.	~40K classes	CC BY 4.0	3
SO	Sequence Ontology	OBO Foundry	~2.5K terms	CC BY-SA 4.0	3
FMA	Foundational Model of Anatomy	Univ. Washington	83K+ classes	Creative Commons	3
UBERON	Multi-Species Anatomy Ontology	OBO Foundry	16K+ classes	CC BY 3.0	3
CL	Cell Ontology	OBO Foundry	~2.7K classes	CC BY 4.0	3
CDISC	Clinical Data Standards	CDISC	100+ domains	Free (membership)	2
ORDO	Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology	INSERM	10K+ diseases	CC BY 4.0	3
PATO	Phenotype and Trait Ontology	OBO Foundry	~2.7K classes	CC BY 3.0	3
DINTO	Drug-Drug Interaction Ontology	Univ. Murcia	~28K classes	CC BY 3.0	1
PharmGKB	Pharmacogenomics KB	Stanford	~700 drug labels	CC BY-SA 4.0	2
OMIM	Online Mendelian Inheritance	Johns Hopkins	~16.9K entries	Academic free	2
DisGeNET	Gene-Disease Associations	IMIM Barcelona	1.1M associations	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	1
Open Targets	Drug Target Platform	EMBL-EBI/Sanger	63K targets	Apache 2.0/CC0	2
Monarch KG	Monarch Initiative KG	NIH	700K nodes, 7M edges	CC BY 4.0	2
Biolink	Biolink Model	Monarch/NIH NCATS	~300 classes	CC0 1.0	1
CKG	Clinical Knowledge Graph	Novo Nordisk/Copenhagen	16M nodes, 220M rels	MIT	2
KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopedia	Kanehisa Labs	560 pathways	Academic free	2
SIDER	Side Effect Resource	EMBL	1.4K drugs, 5.9K SEs	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	1
BioKG	AstraZeneca BioKG	AstraZeneca	~2M entities	MIT	2
EFO	Experimental Factor Ontology	EMBL-EBI	~52K classes	Apache 2.0	2
KG-Hub	Knowledge Graph Hub	Monarch/LBNL	Multiple KGs	BSD-3	3

D. AI Safety, Ethics & Evaluation (24)

Risk taxonomies, regulatory frameworks, fairness definitions, and adversarial threat models.

Abbrev	Name	Maintainer	Size	License	Tier
AI RMF	NIST AI Risk Management Framework	NIST	4 functions, 72 subcats	Public domain	1
EU AI Act	EU AI Act Risk Classification	European Commission	4 risk tiers	EU regulation	1
ISO 42001	AI Management System Standard	ISO/IEC	Clauses + Annex A	Paid standard	2
ISO 23894	AI Risk Management	ISO/IEC	Process model	Paid standard	2
IEEE 7000	Ethical System Design Standard	IEEE	10 clauses	IEEE license	2
MLCommons	AILuminate Safety Benchmark	MLCommons	12 hazard categories	Open	1
MIT AIRR	AI Risk Repository	MIT FutureTech	1,700+ risks	Open access	1
OWASP AI	AI Security & Privacy Guide	OWASP	10+ attack categories	CC BY-SA 4.0	2
ATLAS	Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI	MITRE	12 tactics, 30+ techniques	Open	2
OECD.AI	AI Policy Observatory	OECD	5 principles	Open access	2
PAI	Partnership on AI Framework	PAI	Thematic pillars	Open access	2
Fairness	Fairness-Aware ML Taxonomy	Academic	20+ definitions	Academic	1
AIID	AI Incident Database	Responsible AI Collaborative	3,000+ incidents	Open access	1
RAI-MM	Responsible AI Maturity Model	Various	5 maturity levels	Various	3
ATRS	Algorithmic Transparency Standard	Ada Lovelace Institute	20+ fields	Open	3
AI BOM	AI Bill of Materials	NTIA/CISA	Metadata fields	Public domain	2
AI Atlas Nexus	IBM Graph-Native Risk Ontology	IBM Research	8+ taxonomies	Apache 2.0	1
AIR 2024	AI Risk Categorization Decoded	Academic (NeurIPS)	314 risk categories	Open	1
AILuminate	MLCommons Safety Benchmark	MLCommons	24K+ prompts/lang	Open	1
OECD AI Class	AI System Classification	OECD	5 dimensions	Open access	1
OWASP LLM	Top 10 for LLM Applications	OWASP	10 risk categories	CC BY-SA 4.0	1
CSET	AI Harm Taxonomy	Georgetown	10 harm categories	Open	1
FRIA	Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment	Academic (EU)	Emerging	Open	2
Fairlearn	Fairness Metrics Toolkit	Microsoft	10+ metrics	MIT	1

E. Human Rights & Humanitarian (19)

Human rights instruments, humanitarian standards, GBV taxonomies, and crisis data.

Abbrev	Name	Maintainer	Size	License	Tier
UDHR	Universal Declaration of Human Rights	UN	30 articles	Public domain	1
ICCPR	Intl Covenant on Civil & Political Rights	UN OHCHR	53 articles	Public domain	1
UNGPs	UN Guiding Principles on Business & HR	UN OHCHR	31 principles	Public domain	1
HXL	Humanitarian Exchange Language	OCHA	300+ hashtags	Open standard	1
ReliefWeb	OCHA ReliefWeb Taxonomy	UN OCHA	100+ terms	Open	2
Sphere	Sphere Standards	Sphere Association	4 sectors, 20+ standards	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0	2
IHL-Onto	Intl Humanitarian Law Ontology	Academic	~800 classes	Research	2
PIM	Protection Incident Classification	UNHCR	50+ incident types	Open standard	1
TF-GBV	Tech-Facilitated GBV Taxonomy	HI/Tattle/Academic	20+ categories	Varies	1
HSP	Humanitarian Standards Partnership	CHS Alliance	9 commitments	CC BY-NC-ND 3.0	3
CVI	Climate Vulnerability Index	ND-GAIN	192 countries	Open access	2
CPO	Conflict and Peace Ontology	UCDP/PRIO	2.5K+ conflicts	Open access	2
OntoRights	Human Rights Ontology	Academic	~500 classes	Open	1
Uwazi	HURIDOCS Documentation Platform	HURIDOCS	10K+ templates	Open source	1
GBVIMS	GBV Information Management System	UNFPA/UNICEF/IRC	6 GBV types	Open standard	1
OGBV	Online Gender-Based Violence Ontology	Academic	~200 classes	Open	2
CARE	Indigenous Data Governance Principles	GIDA	4 principles	Open standard	1
PROV-O	Provenance Ontology	W3C	W3C Recommendation	W3C License	2
IASC GBV	GBV Guidelines Framework	IASC	Guidelines	Open	2

F–J. Additional Domains

F. Agriculture & Food Security (8)

Abbrev	Name	Tier
AGROVOC	FAO Multilingual Agricultural Thesaurus (40K+ concepts, 40+ languages)	1
CO	CGIAR Crop Ontology (5K+ traits, 30+ crops)	2
PO	Plant Ontology (~2K classes)	3
IPC	FAO Food Security Classification (5 phases)	1
LPO	Livestock Product Ontology	3
IKO	Indigenous Knowledge Ontology (emerging)	2
GACS	Global Agricultural Concept Scheme (15K+ concepts)	2
AgroPortal	Agronomic Ontology Repository (150+ ontologies)	2

G. Accessibility & Disability (6)

Abbrev	Name	Tier
WCAG 2.2	Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (78 success criteria)	1
ICF	WHO Classification of Functioning & Disability (1,454 categories)	2
MFOEM	Emotion Ontology (~800 classes)	2
WAI-ARIA	Accessible Rich Internet Applications (200+ roles)	2
NCP	Neurodiversity Cognitive Profile Frameworks (emerging)	2
ISO 9999	Assistive Technology Classification (11 classes)	3

H. Education & Workforce (5)

Abbrev	Name	Tier
ISCED	UNESCO Education Classification (9 levels)	2
Open Badges	Verifiable Digital Credentials (open standard)	3
DigComp 2.2	Digital Literacy Framework (5 areas, 21 competences)	2
*ONET**	Occupational Information Network (1,016 occupations)	3
ESCO	European Skills & Competences (13.9K skills, 30 languages)	3

I. Legal & Governance (5)

Abbrev	Name	Tier
ELI	European Legislation Identifier	3
LKIF	Legal Knowledge Interchange Format (~200 classes)	3
GDB	Global Data Barometer (109 countries, 80+ indicators)	2
DPV	W3C Data Privacy Vocabulary (800+ concepts)	2
NIST PF	NIST Privacy Framework (5 functions, 18 categories)	2

J. Geospatial & Infrastructure (4)

Abbrev	Name	Tier
GeoNames	Geographical Database (12M+ entries)	2
ISO 3166	Country Codes (249 countries)	1
OSM	OpenStreetMap (10B+ features)	2
Healthsites	Health Facility Locations (160K+ facilities)	1

How These Connect to Samyama KGs

Currently Loaded (code-verified)

graph LR
    subgraph "Samyama KGs"
        PKG["Pathways KG"]
        CTKG["Clinical Trials KG"]
        DIKG["Drug Interactions KG"]
        DSKG["Surveillance KG"]
    end

    subgraph "Loaded via API/Download"
        GO["Gene Ontology<br/>go.json.gz + annotations"]
        Reactome["Reactome<br/>5 data files"]
        STRING["STRING v12<br/>PPI, score≥700"]
        UniProt["UniProt<br/>REST API, human reviewed"]
        WikiP["WikiPathways<br/>.gmt file"]
        MeSH["MeSH<br/>NLM API"]
        RxNorm["RxNorm<br/>rxnav.nlm.nih.gov API"]
        ATC["ATC<br/>from RxNorm properties"]
        OpenFDA["OpenFDA<br/>api.fda.gov"]
        PubMed["PubMed<br/>NCBI E-utilities"]
        DrugBank["DrugBank CC0<br/>vocabulary CSV"]
        DGIdb["DGIdb<br/>interactions TSV"]
        SIDER["SIDER<br/>MedDRA side effects"]
        GHO["WHO GHO<br/>OData API"]
    end

    GO -->|"47K terms"| PKG
    Reactome -->|"pathways"| PKG
    STRING -->|"PPI"| PKG
    UniProt -->|"proteins"| PKG
    WikiP -->|"pathways"| PKG
    MeSH -->|"conditions"| CTKG
    RxNorm -->|"drugs"| CTKG
    ATC -->|"drug classes"| CTKG
    OpenFDA -->|"adverse events"| CTKG
    PubMed -->|"publications"| CTKG
    DrugBank -->|"drug vocab"| DIKG
    DGIdb -->|"drug-gene"| DIKG
    SIDER -->|"side effects"| DIKG
    GHO -->|"indicators"| DSKG

    style PKG fill:#10b981,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style CTKG fill:#8b5cf6,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style DIKG fill:#ec4899,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style DSKG fill:#06b6d4,stroke:#333,color:#fff

Logical Map (full vision including planned)

graph LR
    subgraph "Live KGs"
        PKG["Pathways KG<br/>119K nodes"]
        CTKG["Clinical Trials KG<br/>7.7M nodes"]
        DIKG["Drug Interactions KG<br/>245K nodes"]
        DSKG["Surveillance KG<br/>217K nodes"]
        HDKG["Health Determinants KG<br/>286K nodes"]
        HSKG["Health Systems KG<br/>20K nodes"]
    end

    subgraph "Loaded"
        GO["Gene Ontology"]
        Reactome["Reactome"]
        STRING["STRING"]
        UniProt["UniProt"]
        MeSH["MeSH"]
        RxNorm["RxNorm"]
        ATC["ATC"]
        DrugBank["DrugBank"]
        DGIdb["DGIdb"]
        SIDER["SIDER"]
        GHO["WHO GHO"]
    end

    subgraph "Planned Integrations"
        SNOMED["SNOMED CT"]
        ICD["ICD-11"]
        LOINC["LOINC"]
        UMLS["UMLS"]
        WDI["World Bank WDI"]
        AQUASTAT["FAO AQUASTAT"]
        GAVI["GAVI"]
        SPAR["WHO SPAR"]
    end

    GO --> PKG
    Reactome --> PKG
    STRING --> PKG
    UniProt --> PKG
    MeSH --> CTKG
    RxNorm --> CTKG
    ATC --> CTKG
    DrugBank --> DIKG
    DGIdb --> DIKG
    SIDER --> DIKG
    GHO --> DSKG

    SNOMED -.->|"planned"| CTKG
    ICD -.->|"planned"| DSKG
    LOINC -.->|"planned"| CTKG
    UMLS -.->|"planned"| CTKG
    WDI -.->|"planned"| HDKG
    AQUASTAT -.->|"planned"| HDKG
    GAVI -.->|"planned"| HSKG
    SPAR -.->|"planned"| HSKG

    DSKG -.->|"Region"| HDKG
    DSKG -.->|"Region"| HSKG
    DSKG -.->|"Disease"| CTKG
    DIKG -.->|"Gene"| PKG
    DIKG -.->|"Drug"| CTKG

    style PKG fill:#10b981,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style CTKG fill:#8b5cf6,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style DIKG fill:#ec4899,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style DSKG fill:#06b6d4,stroke:#333,color:#fff
    style HDKG fill:#84cc16,stroke:#333,color:#fff,stroke-dasharray: 5 5
    style HSKG fill:#f97316,stroke:#333,color:#fff,stroke-dasharray: 5 5

Not Yet Loaded

Ontology	Where Referenced	Status
SNOMED CT	Clinical Trials test schema	No download or parser code
ICD-11	Catalog description	Not downloaded; ICD-10 codes pass through from AACT but no enrichment
LOINC	Schema has `LabTest(loinc_code)`	No LOINC data loader
UMLS	Test schema string	No code at all
World Bank WDI	Health Determinants KG (planned)	KG not yet built
FAO AQUASTAT	Health Determinants KG (planned)	KG not yet built
WHO SPAR	Health Systems KG (planned)	KG not yet built
GAVI	Health Systems KG (planned)	KG not yet built

Data source: data/ontology_catalog.csv — 147 entries across 10 categories.

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